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Translation of parts 3,4,5,6
CHAPTER I
Of the Garant�as individual
Art�ass 1.
In the Mexican United States everyone enjoy� of the garant�as afforded by this Constituci�n, which you can not�n be restricted nor suspended, except in the cases and under such conditions as it establishes.
Art�ass 2nd.
EST� prohibited slavery in the Mexican United States. Foreign slaves entering the country, reaching�n, by that very fact, his freedom and the protection�(n) of the laws.
Art�ass 3rd.
Everyone has the right to receive education�b. the State - Federaci�n, States and municipalities - provide� education�n pre-school, primary and secondary education. The education�n primary and secondary education are compulsory.
The education�n given by the State tender� to develop arm�only all the faculties of the human being and promote� in �l, at the same time, the love of country and the conscience of the international solidarity, in independence and justice.
(I) guaranteed by the art�ass 24 freedom of belief, such education�n be� secular and, therefore, be mantendr� altogether it outside any religious doctrine;
II. the criteria that guide� to this education�n be based� in the results of scientific progress�traffic, fight� against ignorance and its effects, easements, fanaticism and prejudice.
Adem�cast:
(a) be� placed�tico, considering democracy not only as a structure jur�dica and a r�moan pol�tico, but as a way of life founded on constant improvement econ�economic, social and cultural of the people;
(b) be� national, once - without hostilities or exclusivismos - address� to the comprehension�n of our problems, to the use of our resources, to the defence of our independence pol�TICA, assurance of our economic independence�MICA and the continuity and growth of our culture, and
(c) to contribute� to the best human coexistence both elements which contribute to strengthen in the learner, together with the appreciation for the dignity of the person and the integrity of the family, the convicci�n from inter�s general society, as by the care that to sustain the ideals of fraternity and equality of rights of all men, avoiding privileges of breeds, religi�n, groups, sexes or individuals;
III. to give full effect to the provisions of the second p�paragraph and in the fracci�n II, the Federal Executive to determine� plans and programmes of study of the education�n primary, secondary and normal for all the Rep�Republic. For this purpose, the Federal Government consider� the opinion�n from the Governments of the federal entities and the various social sectors involved in the education�n, in the t�terms quer law is�ALE;
IV. all the education�n that the State may give be� free;
V. Adem�s provide the education�pre-primary, primary and secondary, n is�winged in the first p�paragraph, the State promote� and address� education - including the education all types and modalities�higher n - necessary for the implementation of the Naci�n, support� the research�n scientific�fica and Ghanaian�magical, and encourage� strengthening and difusi�n of our culture;
VI. the individual could�n provide education�n in all its types and forms. In the t�terms required by law, the State grant and remove�� the recognition of formal validity to the studies made in private schools. In the case of the education�n primary, secondary and normal, private duty�n:
(a) provide the education�n accordance with the same goals and criteria that establish the second p�paragraph and the fracci�n II, as� comply with the plans and programmes referred to in the fracci�n III, and
(b) to acquire previously, in each case, the authorization�expresses the power n p�public, in the t�terms required by law;
VII. the universities and the dem�s institutions of education�n more than the law granting autonom�to, will�n the power and the responsibility to govern s� ; make�n its aims of education, research and culture in accordance with the principles of this art�ass, while respecting the freedom of c�Chair and research�n and free review and discusi�n of ideas; determine�n its plans and programmes, set�n the t�terms of membership, advocacy�n and permanence of its personal acad�Mico; and manage�n his heritage. Labour relations, both from the personal acad�mico as administrative, regulate�(n) paragraph (A) of the art�ass 123 of this Constituci�n, in the t�terms and with the modalities established by the Federal Labour Act in accordance with the character�own a special working features, so consistent with the autonom�to the freedom of c�Chair and research�n and the purpose of the institutions to which this fracci�n is concerned, and
VIII. the Congress of the Uni�n, in order to unify and coordinate the education�n at all the Rep�Republic, issued� necessary, laws designed to distribute the contribution�educational social n between the Federaci�n, the States and municipalities, to fix the economic contributions�corresponding to that service p MICAS�public and a is�Wing penalties applicable to staff members who do not meet or do not comply with the provisions, as well as to all those who violate them.
Art�ass 4th.
The birth�Mexican n has a composici�n pluricultural based originally on its peoples ind�genas. The law protect� and promote the development of their languages, cultures, uses, customs, resources and ways to spec�you supply of organization,social, and to ensure��� their members effective access to the jurisdiction�n from the State. In agrarian proceedings in that here�llos are part, you take�n into account their pr�internships and customs jur�you dicas the t�terms required by law.
The var�n and women are equal before the law. This protect� the Organization�n and the development of the family.
Everyone has the right to decide in a manner free, responsible and informed on the n�Mero and spacing of their children.
Everyone has the right to the protection�n of health. Be defined by the law� bases and modalities for access to the services of health and establish� the concurrence of the Federaci�n and the States in the field of general hygiene in accordance with what has the fracci�n XVI of the art�ass 73 of this Constituci�b.
Every family has the right to enjoy dignified and decent housing. The law established� instruments and necessary support in order to achieve this goal.
It is the duty of the parents preserve the right of minors to the satisfaction�their needs and health f n�music and mental. The law determine� the supports to the archeological�n of minors, in charge of the institutions p�public.
Art�ass 5th.
No person could� prevent to be devoted to the profesi�n, industry, trade or work that he fits in, being l�Kytos. The exercise of this freedom s�what you can� forbidden by determinaci�, n when they attack the rights of third parties, or by resoluci�Government, n in the t�terms that check the law, when it violated the rights of society. No one may be deprived of the product of their labor, but by resoluci�judicial n.
The law to determine� in each State cu�they are the professions that need t�title for their exercise, the conditions that must be filled to get it and authorities which have issued it.
No one could� be required to provide personal without the fair retribuci work�n and without his full consent, unless the work imposed as punishment by the judicial authority, which is� pursuant to sections I and II of the art�ass 123.
P services�facilities, s�what you can�n be required, in the t�terms that established the respective laws, the weapons and jurors, as� as the desempe�or some charges and the choice�n popular, direct or indirect. The electoral roles and census will take�car n�character compulsory and free, but be�n charging those to be performed professionally in the t�terms of this Constituci�n and corresponding laws. The professional services of �social ¡Ndolo be�compulsory and remunerated on the t n�terms of the law and with the exception that �sta is�ALE.
The State cannot allow that effect be carried ning�n contract, Covenant or agreement having as its object the erosion, the p�loss or irrevocable sacrifice of freedom of the person for any reason.
You can not admit Convention in which the person pacte your proscripci�n or exile, or renounce temporarily or permanently exercise determined profesi�n, industry or trade.
S contract�what force� to provide the service agreed upon by the time fixed by the law, not to exceed of a�or to the detriment of the employee, and you can not� extend, in ning�n case, to the renunciation, p�loss or prejudice any rights pol�Ticos or civilians.
The lack of fulfilment of the contract, with regard to the worker, s�what force� to �ste to civil responsibility, without which in ning�n case can become coacci�(n) on his person.
Art�ass 6th.
The manifestaci�n of ideas not be� subject to any inquisici�(n) judicial or administrative, but in the case that attack to the morals, the rights of others, causing alg�n crime or disturbs the order p�public, the right to information�n be� guaranteed by the State.
Art�ass 7th.
The freedom of writing and publishing writings on any matter is inviolable. No law or authority may establish prior censorship, demand deposit authors or printers or curtail the freedom of press, which has no m�s l�boundaries that respect for privacy, morality and peace p�Republic. In ning�n case you can� kidnap the printing press as an instrument of crime.
Org laws�epic pass�n few provisions are necessary to avoid that on the pretext of complaints of press offences, are imprisoned the issuers, "paper" trades and dem�s employees of the establishment from which has left the written complaint, unless previously proven here accountability�llos.
Art�8th ass.
Officers and employees p�facilities respect�n the exercise of the right of connection�n, provided that �STA is formulated in writing, in a way Cap�fica and respectful; but in regard to pol�TICA s�what you can�n make use of that right the people of the Rep�Republic.
To all informationon�n due� lie an agreement written authority to whom is addressed, which has obligation�n do know in brief t�rmin to the petitioner.
Art�ass 9th.
Not be could� restrict the right to associate or join Cap�Math in any order to l�quote; but only citizens of the Rep�Republic could�n do so to take part in Affairs pol�Ticos PA�s. no CMO�armed n has the right to deliberate.
Not be considered� illegal, and you can not� be dissolved an Assembly or CMO�n that is intended to make a connection�n or submit a protest by alg�n Act to an authority, if not insults be proffered against �STA, or make use of violence or threats to intimidate or force it to solve in the sense that you want to.
Art�ass 10.
The inhabitants of the Mexican United States is entitled to possession of weapons at his home, for your safety and leg�ground defense, with number�n those prohibited by federal law and the reserved for the exclusive use of the example�here, army, A force�Rhea and national guard. Federal law to determine� cases, conditions, requirements and places in which it could� authorizing the inhabitants the portaci�n of weapons.
Art�ass 11.
Every man has the right to enter the Rep�Republic, leave, travel through its territory and move of residence, without letter of security, passport, safe conduct or other similar requirements. The exercise of this right be� subordinated to the powers of the judicial authority, in cases of criminal or civil liability and to the administrative authority so it is up to the limitations imposed by laws on emigraci�n, inmigraci�n and salubrity of the Rep�Republic, or pernicious foreign residents in pa�s.
Art�ass 12.
In the Mexican United States not give�n t�titles of nobility, nor privileges and honors hereditary, nor be� no effect to those awarded by any other pa�s.
Art�ass 13.
No one may be tried by proprietary law or by special courts. No person or corporaci�n may have immunity, nor enjoy m�s emoluments that whatever CO2�Services p n�facilities and est�n set by law. There remains the jurisdiction of war crimes and offences against military discipline; but the military courts in ning�n case and by ning�n reason, you can�n extended its jurisdiction�n on people who do not belong to the ex�here. When an offence or lack of the military order a countryman was complicated, see� in the case the civil authority as appropriate.
Art�ass 14.
No law will be� retroactive effect to the detriment of any person.
No one could� be deprived of life, freedom or property, possessions or rights, but by proceedings before the previously established courts, which are fulfilled the formalities essential the procedure and in accordance with laws issued prior to the fact.
In the trials of the criminal order is prohibited to impose, by simple analog�to and even wholesale�raz a.�n, shame that non est� decreed by a law exactly applicable to the offence that it is.
In the trials of civil order, the final decision due� be in accordance with the letter or the interpretaci�n jur�dica law, and in the absence of �STA is found� on the General principles of law.
Art�ass 15.
The negligence is not permitted�treaties for the extradici n�prisoners pol n�Ticos, nor for those offenders of order com�n had in pa�s where committed the crime, the condition�n conventions or treaties under which altered the garant or slaves;�ACE and rights established by this Constituci�n for the man and the citizen.
Art�16 ass.
No one may be annoyed at his person, family, domicile, papers or possessions, but in virtue of a written warrant from the competent authority, which melts and will motivate the legal cause of the procedure.
You can not� get rid of aprehensi order�n but by the judicial authority and without that it precedes complaint, acusaci�n or complaint of a certain fact that the law is�ALE as a criminal offence, when less punished with deprivation of liberty and data proving the elements of the criminal type and the likely responsibility of the suspect.
The authority to execute a court order of aprehensi�n, due� put the accused to provision�the judge, without dilaci n�any n and under its m�s strict liability. The contravenci�to be� punished by criminal law.
In cases of flagrante delicto, any person may arrest the indexed pony�Ndolo without delay to provision�n from the immediate authority and �ATS, with the same speed, to the FR. Ministry�public.
S�as in urgent cases, in the case of serious offence as� described by the law and before the risk founded that the suspect may evade the action�n of Justice, provided not be possible before the courts by raz�n of the time, place or circumstance, Fr. Ministry�public could�, under his responsibility, ordering his detention�n, founding and expressing the signs that motivate their behavior.
In cases of urgency or flagrante delicto, the judge receiving the consignaci�n of the detendio duty� immediately ratify the detention�n or order the freedom to act reserves.
Ning�n indexed you can� be retained by the Ministry�public by m�s of forty-eight hours, period in which duty� order your freedom or put�be to provision�the judicial authority n; this term you can� double in those cases where the law provides for as organized crime. Any abuse to the above provisions be� sanctioned by the criminal law.
In an order of search warrants, that s�as the judicial authority could� issuing and be� written, express� the place to be inspected, the person or people who have to apprehend is and objects are looking for, what �diligence, should only be limited levant�introducing to the complete it a record itemized, in the presence of two witnesses proposed by the occupant of the searched location or in his absence or refusal, by the authority to practice due diligence.
The administrative authority could� practice home visits �only to make sure that sanitary and polic regulations have been met�to; and to require the exhibici�n of books and papers required to verify that the tax provisions, have complied with sujet�introducing in these cases, the respective laws and formalities prescribed for the searches.
The correspondence below deck circulates in the post offices, be� free of any record, and its juridiction�n be� punishable by law.
In peacetime ning�Member of the ex n�here you can� stay at townhouse against the will of the due�or no impose rendering�any n. In time of war the military could�n require accommodation, backgrounds, food and other benefits, in the t�terms established by the corresponding martial law.
Art�ass 17.
No person could� do justice by s� same, or engage in violence to claim their right.
Everyone has the right to be given justice by courts that be�n expedited to provide it within the deadlines and t�terms laid down in laws, issuing its resolutions in a prompt, full and impartial manner. Your service be� free of charge, and, accordingly, prohibited litigation costs.
Federal and local to establish laws�n the necessary means to guarantee the independence of the courts and the full cause�n of its resolutions.
No one may be imprisoned for debts of car�purely civil character.
Art�ass 18.
S�the crime that deserves pity body habr� place to jail�preventive n. The site of �sta be other than that assigned to the extinci��n of penalties and be�completely separate n.
The Governments of the Federaci�n and States organize�n the criminal justice system, in their respective jurisdictions, on the basis of the work, the marimba�(n) for the same and the education�n as a means to the readaptaci�social n of the offender. [[Women security�n their sentences in places separate from those for the men to do so....]]
[[...]] Is also�n banned the death penalty for crimes pol�, and the dem�s, s�what you can� imposed on the traitor to the fatherland in foreign war, the patricidal, to the murderer with alevos to�to, premeditaci�n or advantage, to the incendiary, to the police, the thief of roads, the pirate and the offenders of serious crimes of the military order.
Art�ass 23.
Ning�n criminal trial due� take m�s of three instances. No one may be tried twice for the same offence, either in the trial absuelva you or condemning him. It is forbidden to the pr�practice of absolving the instance.
Art�ass 24.
Every man is free to profess the religious belief that m�s liking it and to practice ceremonies, devotions or acts of the respective worship, always not constituting a crime or lack punishable by law.
The Congress cannot dictate laws that establish or prohibit religi�n.
The religious acts of worship p�public holding�n ordinarily in the temples. Those exceptionally held outside �hese hold�n to the statutory law.
Art�ass 25.
It is up to the State the rector�of national to ensure development that �Ste is comprehensive, that strengthens the Soberan�(a) of the birth�n and his r�moan placed�tico and which, through the promotion of economic growth�Mico and employment and a m�s fair distribution�n of income and wealth, will allow the full exercise of the freedom and dignity of individuals, groups and classes, whose security protects this Constituci�b.
The State plan�lead�coordinate� and guide� the economic activity�national, mica and carry� after the regulation�n and promotion of activities that requires inter�s general within the framework of freedoms afforded by this Constituci�b.
Econ development�national Mico bid�n, with social responsibility, sector p�public, the social sector and the private sector, without prejudice to other forms of economic activity�MICA that contribute to the development of the birth�b.
Sector p�public will� to his Office, in an exclusive manner, the �strategic areas�technological than it is�Alan at the art�ass 28, p�fourth of the Constituci paragraph�n, keeping the Federal Government ownership and control over the agencies that may be established.
Also you can� participate by s� or with the social and private sectors, according to the law, to promote and organize the �priority areas of development.
Under criteria of social equity and productivity support� and promote� the companies of the social sectors and deprives
the economics do�to sujet�way to forms handed down by the intermediate�s p�public and to the use, for the general benefit of productive resources, caring for its conservation�n and the environment.
The law established� the mechanisms to facilitate the Organization�n and the expansion�n of economic activity�mica in the social sector: the ejidos, workers ' organizations, cooperatives, communities, businesses that majority or exclusively belong to the workers and, in general, of all forms of organization�social for the production�n, distribution�n and consumption of socially necessary goods and services.
The law encouraged� and protect� the economic activity�mica that made individuals and provide� conditions for the development of the private sector contributes to the economic development�national, in the t Mico�terms that establishes this Constituci�b.
Art�ass 26.
The State organizing� a system of planeaci�n placed�TICA national development to print solid, dynamism, permanence and fairness to the growth of the political�for independence and the democratizaci�pol n�TICA, social and cultural of the Naci�b.
The purpose of the national project contained in this Constituci�n determine�n the objectives of the planeaci�b. the planeaci�be� placed�tica. Through the municipal�n of the various social sectors pick up� the aspirations and demands of the society to incorporate them into the plan and development programmes. Habr� a national development plan which are subject�n mandatory programs of the directors�n P�Republic Federal.
The law empowered� the Executive to establish procedures for participation�n and popular consultation in the national planeaci system�n placed�TICA, and criteria for the formulaci�n, instrumentaci�n, control and evaluaci�n of the plan and development programmes. Also determine� the �organs responsible for the process of planeaci�n and databases so that the Federal Executive Branch coordinated through agreements with the Governments of the federative entities and induces and concluded with private actions to perform for his elaboraci�n and cause�b.
In the system of planeaci�n placed�TICA, the Congress of the Uni�n will� the will�n that is�ALE the law.
Art�ass 27.
Ownership of the lands and waters within the l�boundaries of the national territory, is originally the Naci�n, which has had and has the right to transmit the domain of these individuals, constituting private property.
The expropriations s�what you can�n be made because of utility p�Republic and through indemnity�b.
The birth�n will� at all times the right to impose on private property forms handed down by the intermediate�s p�public, as� as the of regular social benefit the exploitation of the natural elements susceptible to apropiaci�n, in order to make a distribution�equitable wealth p n�Republic, take care of their conservation�n, the balanced development of the pa�s and the improvement of the living conditions of the poblaci�(n) rural and urban. Consequently, issue�n steps to manage human settlements and establish appropriate uses, reserves, provisions and destinations of lands, waters and forests, for the purpose of executing works p�public and to plan and regulate the fundaci�n, believed�n, improvement and growth of the centres of poblaci�n; to preserve and restore the balance ecol�gico; for the fractionation of the latifundia; to provide, in the t�terms of the statutory law, the Organization�n and jailhouse�collective n of the ejidos and communities; the development of the small�rural property; for the promotion of agriculture, the ganader�a, forestry and the dem�s activities econ�micas in the countryside, and to avoid the destruction�n from the natural elements and given�you that the property may suffer detriment of society.
It is up to the birth�n the direct control of all the natural resources of the continental shelf and the z�submarine calos Islands; all the minerals or substances constituting in veins, Mantles, masses or deposits, dep�websites whose nature is different from the components of the land, such as the minerals of which is to extract metals and Metalloids used in industry; the deposits of gemstones, gem salt and the salt formed directly by the sea waters; products derived from the descomposici�n of the rocks, when his jailhouse�n needs work subterr�NEOs; mineral deposits or org�likely to be used as fertilizer raw Nicos; s mineral fuels�valid; the petr�Leo and all the carbides of hydraulic�Geno s�valid, l�quidos or gaseous; and the space located above the national territory, in the extension�n and t�terms established by international law.
They are the property of the Naci�n the waters of the territorial seas in the extension�n and t�terms determined by international law, internal marine waters; those of lagoons and estuaries that communicate permanently or intermittently with the ma r; the of Interior formaci Lakes�natural than est n�linked directly to ordinary constants n; of the r�I and its direct or indirect tributaries from the point of the channel that will start the first permanent, intermittent or torrential, water to its mouth at the sea, lakes, ponds or estuaries of national property; the of constant currents or interminentes and its direct or indirect tributariesWhen the river bed here�llás in all its extension�n or part of them, serve as l�mite to the national territory or two federal entities, or when you pass a federal entity to another or crossing the l�dividing the Rep nea�Republic; the Lakes, lagoons or marshes whose vessels or riverbanks, est�countered by l n�dividing two or m neas�s entities or between the Rep�Republic and a pa�neighbour (s); or when the l�mite of riverbanks serves as a boundary between two federal entities or to the Rep�Republic with a PA�neighbouring s; the springs that freshwater beaches, sea areas�timas, channels, vessels or shores of the Lakes, lagoons and estuaries of national property, and that extract of mines; and channels, beds or shores of the lakes and inland streams in the extension�n fixed by law. Subsoil waters can freely be illuminated by artificial works and appropriate for the due�or the ground, but when requires it inter�s p�public or will affect other uses; the Executive Federal could� regulate their extracci�n and utilizaci�n and�n establishing closed areas, as well as the dem�s waters of national property. Any other waters not included in the enumeraci�previous n, be�n as an integral part of the ownership of the lands by those who run or who are your dep�sites, but if they localizaren in two or m�s properties, consideration be given to the use of these waters� useful p�Republic, and be� subject to the provisions that handed down the States.
In the cases referred to in the two p�previous rrafos, the domain of the Naci�n is inalienable and imprescriptible and the jailhouse�n, the use or the use of the resources in question, by individuals or companies formed in accordance with Mexican, law could not� carried out but through concessions granted by the Federal Government, according to the rules and conditions established by the laws. The legal rules concerning works or works of jailhouse�n of minerals and substances referred to in the p�fourth, regular paragraph�the cause n�n and comprobaci�n which is effect�or be carried out from its entry into forceregardless of the date of granting of concessions, and his failure to give� to the cancellation of all�n of �stas. The Federal Government has the power to establish national reserves and delete them. The corresponding declaratory is har�n by the Executive in the cases and conditions that the laws providing for. Trat�introducing the petr�leo and carbides of hydraulic�geno svalid, l��quidos or gaseous or radioactive mineral, is not to grant�n concessions contracts, or survive�n which in his case has been granted and the Naci�keep� out the jailhouse�n of these products, in the t�terms that are�ale the respective regulatory act. Corresponds exclusively to the Naci�n generate, lead, transforming, distribution and supply energy�to the�electrical having as its object the rendering�service p n�public. In this area is not grant�n concessions to individuals and the Naci�n use� the property and natural resources required for such purposes.
It is also�n to the birth�n the use of the generaci nuclear fuels�n of energ�to nuclear and the regulation�their applications in other prop n�sites. The use of the power�to nuclear s�what you can� have end cap�graphics.
The birth�n exercises in an economic area�exclusive mica located outside the territorial sea adjacent to �Ste, the rights of soberan�a and jurisdictions to determine the laws of the Congress. The econ area�exclusive mica extend� to two hundred miles n�uticas, measures from the l�line from which the territorial sea is measured. In those cases in which this extension�n to produce superposici�n with areas econ�exclusive of other States, the delimitaci micas�n of the respective areas is har� where necessary, by agreement with those States.
The ability to purchase the domain of the lands and waters of the Naci�n, will govern� by the following requirements:
I S�the Mexicans by birth or by naturalizaci�n and the Mexican companies have the right to acquire the domain of the lands, waters and their accessions or to obtain concessions of exploitation�n of mines or waters. The State could� granted the same right to foreigners, provided that they agree before the secrete�of relationships considered as nationals with respect to such property and not invoked by the same token the protection�n from their Governments for what refers to here�llos; under the penalty, if absent from the Convention, losing for the benefit of the Naci�n, goods that have acquired under the same. In a strip of one hundred kil�meters along the borders and of fifty in the beaches, by ning�n reason you can�n foreigners acquire direct dominion over lands and waters.
The State, in accordance with the interests p�internal facilities and the principles of reciprocity, you can�, in the opinion of the secrete�to relations, grant authorization�[[n to foreign States to ensure that they acquire, in the permanent place of residence of the federal authorities, the private ownership of real estate necessary for the direct service of their embassies or legations....]]
[[...]] II. the religious associations that constitute the t�terms of the art�ass 130 and its regulatory law will take�n ability to acquire, possess or manage exclusively the goods which are indispensable to its object, with the requirements and limitations established by the regulatory law;
III. the charitable institutions, p�Republic or private, that are aimed at the relief of the needy, the research�n scientific�FICA, the difusi�the ense n�anza, aid rec�proca of partners, or any other object l�I quote, not could�n acquire m�s goods ra�ces as the indispensable to its object, immediately or directly intended to �l, sujeci�n to by statutory law;
IV. the corporations for actions you can�n be proprietary sites r�too but �only in the extension�n as may be necessary for the fulfilment of its object.
In ning�n If the societies of this kind could�n have owned land devoted to activities agr�tails, livestock or forestry in greater extension�n than the respective equivalent to twenty-five times the l�boundaries is�winged in the fracci�n XV of this art�ass. The regular statutory law� the structure of capital and the n�mere m�nimo of members of these societies, to the effect that the lands owned by the society do not exceed in relationship�n with each partner the l�boundaries of the small�property. In this case, all individual, corresponding to land r stock propertyusers, be combined for purposes of c���mputo. Also, the law is�wing� the conditions for the participation�Foreign n in these societies.
The law established� media registration and control necessary for the fulfilment of the provisions of this fracci�(n);
V. Banks duly authorized, in accordance with the laws of institutions of cr�Dito, you can�n be capital tax, urban properties and r�features according to the requirements of such laws, but could not�have ownership or management�n m�s goods ra�CES than entirely necessary for its direct object;
VI. the States and the Federal District, as well as the municipalities of all the Rep�Republic, will take�n full capacity to acquire and own all ra property�necessary for the services p CES�facilities.
The laws of the Federaci�n and of States in their respective jurisdictions, determine�n the wherever useful p�the ocupaci Republic�n private property, and in accordance with these laws the administrative authority har� the declaraci�for n. The price is set� as indemnity�n the expropriated thing, be based� in the amount as tax value of it appears in the cadastral offices or fundraising, whether that this value has been stated by the owner or simply accepted by �a way t l�quote by having paid their contributions on this basis. Excess value or the dem�Rite that has had the particular property improvements or deteriorations occurring subsequent to the date of the asignaci�of the tax, value be� the �nico that duty� be subject to expert opinion and resoluci�judicial n. This same seen� in the case of objects with a value not est� fixed rent offices�features.
The exercise of the actions that correspond to the birth�n, by virtue of the provisions of the present art�ass, is har� effective proceedings; but within this procedure and by order of the corresponding courts that is issue� within m�maximum of one month, the authorities proceed�n since then to the ocupaci�n, directors�n, auction or sale of land or waters concerned and all their accessions, without that ning�n case can revoke is done by the same authorities rather than enforceable sentencing;
VII. recognizes the jur personality�Dica n�cleos poblaci�n Ejido and communal and protects their property on the land, both for human settlement and for productive activities.
The law protect� the integrity of the lands of the ind groups�genas.
The law, whereas the respect and strengthening of community life in the ejidos and communities, protect� the land for the regular and human settlement� the use of lands, forests and waters of use com�n and the provisi�n of actions to promote necessary to raise the standard of living of its inhabitants.
The law, with respect for the will of the ejidatarios and community members to adopt the conditions as m�s you agree to the use of their productive, regular resources� the exercise of the rights of the villagers on the Earth and each ejidatario on his plot. Also establish� the procedures by which ejidatarios and comuneros could�n Association s�, with the State or third parties and to grant the use of their lands, and trat�ejidatarios, ndos transmit their rights among the members of the n parcelarios�poblaci cleo�n; also set� requirements and procedures in accordance which the Ejido Assembly grant� to the ejidatario dominion over his plot. In the case of enajenaci�plots n respect� the right of preference that laid down in law.
Within a same n�CLEO poblaci�n, ning�n ejidatario could� be a holder of m�s land as the equivalent to 5% of the total of the ejidal lands. In any case, the ownership of land to a single ejidatario due� conform to the l�boundaries arewinged in the fracci��n 15th.
The general Assembly is the �Supreme n rgano�CLEO poblaci�n-ejidal or communal, with the Organization�n and functions that the law is�ale. The ejido or communal property, curated elected placed�automatically in the t�terms of the Act, is the �representation rgano�n n�CLEO and the person in charge of implementing the resolutions of the Assembly.
The restituci�n of lands, forests and waters to the n�cleos poblaci�n is har� in the t�terms of the statutory law;
VIII. declare null and void:
(a) all disposals of lands, waters and mountains belonging to the peoples, rancher�ACE, congregations or communities, made by pol heads�Ticos, Governors of States, or any other authority in contravenci�n to provisions of the law of 25 June 1856 and dem�s laws and provisions;
(b) all concessions, compositions or sales of lands, waters and mountains, made by the secrete�as of promotion, finance, or any other federal, since the d authority�to first December 1876, to date, which have been invaded and illegally occupied the ejidos, land of com�n Division or any other kind, belonging to the peoples, rancher�ACE, congregations or communities and n�cleos poblaci�b.
(c) all proceedings of piers or boundary, transactions, divestitures or auctions practiced during the time period referred to in the fracci�above, by compa n��ACE, judges or other authorities of the States or the Federaci�n, with which have invaded or illegally occupied land, waters and mountains of the ejidos, land of com�n repartimento, or of any other class, belonging to n�cleos poblaci�b.
They are excepted from the previous invalidity, �only the lands that have been titled in the established made in accordance with the law of 25 June 1856 and pose�das in name to t�title of rule by m�s of ten to�you when its surface does not exceed fifty hect�Reas.
IX. the countries�n or distribution is made with leg appearance�esteem among the neighbours of alg�n n�CLEO poblaci�n and in which there has been error or defect, you can� be nulificada when ACE� so request three-quarters of neighbors to est�n in posesi�n of a quarter of the land area of the countries�n, or a fourth part of the same neighbors when est�n in posesi�n of three-quarters of the land;
X (repealed)
XI. (repealed)
XII. (repealed)
XIII. (repealed)
XIV. (repealed)
XV. in the United States Mexicans are prohibited the latifundia.
Is considered to be small�agr property�queue which does not exceed by one hundred hect individual�areas of irrigation or moisture of first or their equivalents in other classes of land.
For the purposes of equivalence is compute� a hect�rea of irrigation by two temporary, four of agostadero of good quality and for eight of forest, mount or agostadero on land �subsidies.
Consideration be given to�also as sin�to property, the surface area not exceeding by individual of one hundred and fifty hect�areas where land involved in the cultivation of algod�n, if receive irrigation; and 300, when are they intended for the cultivation of the pl�tano, ca�(a) of az�car, caf�henequ�n, rubber, Palm, vine, olive, Cinchona, vanilla, cocoa, agave, nopal or �fruit trees.
Consideration be given to� Peque�livestock ownership which does not exceed by individual the necessary surface to keep up five hundred heads of livestock or its equivalent in minor, in the t win�terms established by the law, according to the forage capacity of the land.
When due to works of irrigation, drainage or any other executed by the due�I or holders of a small�to property had improved the quality of their lands, follow� to be considered as small�to property, even when, under the best�to obtained, exceed the m�Next is�winged by this fracci�n, provided that they re�Nan requirements established by law.
When within a small�livestock ownership made improvements on their land and �Stas are intended for uses agr�tails, the area used for this purpose you can not� exceed, SEC�n the case, the l�boundaries covered the p�second and third of this fracci rrafos�n corresponding to the quality that have had these lands before the improvement;
XVI. (repealed)
XVII. the Congress of the Uni�n and the legislatures of the States, in their respective jurisdictions, issuing�n laws laying down the procedures for the fractionation and enajenaci�n of the extensions that llegaren to exceed the l�boundaries is�winged fractions IV and XV of this art�ass.
The excess duty� be fractional and alienated by the owner within a period of a�or from the notification�for n. If the expiry of the term surplus not is has alienated, sale due� done by p�Republic almoneda. In equal, respected� the right of preference that laid down in statutory law.
Local laws organizing�n of family heritage, identifying the goods that should be it, on the basis of that be� inalienable and not be� subject to embargo or to any lien;
XVIII. claim be revised contracts and concessions made by previous Governments since the�or 1876, to tra�do consequently grabbing land, waters and natural of the Naci wealth�n, by a single person or society and it empowers the Executive of the Uni�n to declare them null and void when they involve serious damage to the inter�s p�public.
XIX. based on this Constituci�n, the State offer� the measures for the expeditious and honest impartici�n of the agrarian justice, to ensure the security jur�Dica tenure of Ejido, communal land and the small�property, and support� the Adviser�to legal of the peasants.
Are of jurisdiction�n federal matters than by l�boundaries of Ejido and communal, land regardless of the origin of �hese, are pending or may arise between two or m�s n�cleos poblaci�n; as� as those related to the tenure of the ejidos and communities. For these purposes and, in general, for the directors�n of agrarian, Justice Law Institute� equipped with autonom courts�a and full jurisdiction�n, composed of judges nominated by the Federal Executive and appointed by the C�mara of senators or, in the recesses of �ATS, by the Commission�n standing.
The law established� a �rgano for the procuraci�n of agrarian justice, and
XX. the State promote� the conditions for the rural development, with the prop�sito generate employment and ensure that the poblaci�peasant n well-being and their participation�n e incorporaci�n in national development, and foster� agricultural and forestry activity for the �ptimo use of land, infrastructure, inputs, cr�credits, marimba�n and t assistance�technique. Also issued� the Spanish�n order to plan and organize the production�its industrialisation, agricultural n�n and comercializaci�n, consider�foward of inter�s p�public.
Art�ass 28.
In the Mexican United States prohibited monopolies, the pr�exam monop�lichas, the tobacconists and exemptions from taxes in the t�terms and conditions laying down laws. The same treatment be given� prohibitions to t�title of protection�n to the industry.
As a result, the law punish� severely, and the authorities prosecute�n effective, all soothing�n or grabbing at one or few hands of art�ass of necessary consumption and have designed get prices rising; entire agreement, procedure or combination�n of producers, industrialists, traders or entrepreneurs in services, in any way to, to prevent free competition or competition between s� forcing consumers to pay inflated prices and, in general, everything that constitutes an exclusive undue advantage in favour of one or more specific persons and to the detriment of the p�public in general or of any social class.
The laws set�n databases for which you are�alen price m�next to the art�ass, materials or products that are considered necessary for the political�national or popular use, as� as to modalities for the Organization�n of the installation�n of these art�ass, materials or products, in order to avoid that unnecessary or excessive intermediaries will lead to failure in the supply, as� as rising prices. The law protect� consumers and lead to� your organization�n for better care of their interests.
Not constitute�n monopolies functions that the State exercised exclusively in the following �strategic areas�technological: post, tel�graphs and radiotelegraf�a; petr�Leo and the dem�s hydrocarbons; petroqu�MICA (b)�SICA; radioactive minerals and generaci�n of energ�to nuclear; electricity and activities that specifically is�alen laws issued by the Congress of the Uni�b. communication�n v�sat�lite and railways are �reas priority for national in the t development�terms of the art�ass 25 of this Constituci�n; the State to exercise its rector in them�toprotect� the security and the soberan�of the Naci�n, and to grant concessions or licences mantendr� or setting� the domain of the respective v�as of communication�n accordance with the laws of matter.
The State have� with the agencies and companies that required for the effective management of the �strategic areas�technological in charge and in the activities of car�priority character where, according to law, to participate by s� or with the social and private sectors.
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