http://youtu.be/5phqDvrWNZc



iON

http://youtu.be/aEZaq-6cbH4


This is Phun or is that unpH, BOB did you get that!

iON

The concept of p[H] was first introduced by Danish chemist Søren
Peder Lauritz Sørensen at the Carlsberg Laboratory in 1909[7][8] and
revised to the modern pH in 1924 after it became apparent that
electromotive force in cells depends on activity rather than concentration
of hydrogen iONs.[5]

In the first papers, the notation had the "H" as a subscript to the lowercase
"p", like so: pH.[9]

It is unknown what the exact definition of "p" in "pH" is. A common definition
often used in schools is "percentage". However some references suggest
the "p" stands for "power",[10] others refer to the German word Potenz
(meaning power in German), [11] still others refer to "potential".

...

In chemistry, pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an
aqueous solution.[1] Pure water is said to be neutral, with a pH
close to 7.0 at 25 °C (77 °F). Solutions with a pH less than 7 are
said to be acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic or
alkaline.

pH measurements are important in medicine, biology, chemistry,
agriculture, forestry, food science, environmental science, oceanography,
civil engineering and many other applications.

...

The pH scale has no upper or lower limit and can therefore be lower
than 0 or higher than 14.

...

Most of the Earth's freshwater bodies surface are slightly acidic due to
the abundance and absorption of carbon dioxide;[4] in fact, for millennia
in the past, most fresh water bodies have had a slightly acidic pH.

However, pH is not precisely p[H], but takes into account an activity factor.

This represents the tendency of hydrogen iONs to interact with other
components of the solution, which affects among other things the
electrical potential read using a pH meter. As a result, pH can be affected by
the iONic strength of a solution—for example, the pH of a 0.05 M potassium
hydrogen phthalate solution can vary by as much as 0.5 pH units as a function
of added potassium chloride, even though the added salt is neither acidic nor
basic.[5]

Hydrogen iON activity coefficients cannot be measured directly by any
thermodynamically sound method, so they are based on theoretical calculations.

Therefore, the pH scale is defined in practice as traceable to a set of standard
solutions whose pH is established by international agreement.[6] Primary pH
standard values are determined by the Harned cell, a hydrogen gas electrode,
using the Bates–Guggenheim Convention.

...

"In water at room temperature (around 20 degrees Celsius), there is
only one hydrogen iON for every 555 million water molecules."

http://youtu.be/xwuoUG4rhFg


All right, now apply those wordy words to the applier in which pH is actually a negative value and euphoria may ensue....heheheehheehheehehehehehehh!

iON

http://youtu.be/xwuoUG4rhFg


All right, now apply those wordy words to the applier in which pH is actually a negative value and euphoria may ensue....heheheehheehheehehehehehehh!

iON

Introduction and Definitions:

Acidic and basic are two extremes that describe a chemical property
chemicals. Mixing acids and bases can cancel out or neutralize their extreme
effects. A substance that is neither acidic nor basic is neutral.

The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. The pH scale
ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic. A pH
greater than 7 is basic.

The pH scale is logarithmic and as a result, each whole pH value below 7 is
ten times more acidic than the next higher value. For example, pH 4 is ten
times more acidic than pH 5 and 100 times (10 times 10) more acidic than
pH 6.

The same holds true for pH values above 7, each of which is ten times more
alkaline (another way to say basic) than the next lower whole value. For
example, pH 10 is ten times more alkaline than pH 9 and 100 times (10 times 10)
more alkaline than pH 8.

Pure water is neutral. But when chemicals are mixed with water, the mixture
can become either acidic or basic. Examples of acidic substances are vinegar
and lemon juice. Lye, milk of magnesia, and ammonia are examples of basic
substances.

Because the oxygen atom in water tends to monopolize the electrons in the
molecule, the hydrogen protons are only loosely held to the molecule. The
attraction between adjacent water molecules allows them to swap hydrogen
protons. In fact, many molecules that contain hydrogen can swap protons
with water molecules.

...

When one water molecule picks up a positively charged hydrogen proton
it momentarily becomes positively charged. The water molecule that looses
the proton momentarily becomes negatively charged (the hydrogen's 1
electron remains behind).

The result of this proton exchange is that at any given moment 2 water
molecules out of every 1 billion are split into a positively charged H3O+
(called hydronium) ion and a negatively charge OH- (called hydroxide) ion.

...

In pure water, the number of hydronium ions equals the number of hydroxide
ions, so the concentration of hydroxide ions must also equal 1 x 10-7 moles
per liter (moles per liter can be abbreviated: M). This equilibrium between
hydronium and hydroxide ions can shift if we mix other substances with water
[like insulinose...whatever the hell that is...].

When the compound HCl is dissolved in water it separates into 2 ions: a
positively charged hydrogen proton and a negatively charged chlorine ion.

The positively charged hydrogen proton (H+) combines with water and increases
the concentration of H3O+ ions, shifting the equilibrium we discussed earlier.

Some of these H3O+ ions recombine with the OH- ions, and our sample becomes
acidic because it contains more H3O+ ions than OH- ions. The original compound
that we added, HCl, is said to be an acid because it donates protons (H+) to the
mixture.

...

An acid can be defined as a proton donor, a chemical that increases the
concentration of hydronium ions in solution. Conversely, we can define a base
as a proton acceptor, a chemical that reduces the concentration of hydronium
ions in solution (and increases the concentration of hydroxide ions).

Acid-base chemistry is an important part of everyday life. The excess hydronium
ions in acids give them interesting properties. Acids can react with metals and
other materials. The strong acid HCl is produced in your stomach to help digest food.

In dilute concentrations, acids are responsible for the sour taste of lemons, limes,
vinegar and other substances. Bases are also very reactive. The strong base
NaOH is used in many household cleaning agents such as oven cleaner and drain
clog-remover.

But how do we measure the concentration of an acid or base? The acidity (or basicity)
of a solution is measured using the pH scale...[blah, blah, blah]

"An acid can be defined as a proton donor, a chemical that increases the
concentration of hydronium ions in solution."

An ion is an atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not
equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical
charge.

The name was given by physicist Michael Faraday for the substances that allow a
current to pass ("go") between electrodes in a solution, when an electric field is
applied. It is from Greek ιον, meaning "going".

...

Electric charge is a physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force
when near other electrically charged matter. Electric charge comes in two types,
called positive and negative. Two positively charged substances, or objects,
experience a mutual repulsive force, as do two negatively charged objects. Positively
charged objects and negatively charged objects experience an attractive force.

...

The electric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles,
which determines their electromagnetic interaction. Electrically charged matter is
influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields. The interaction between a moving
charge and an electromagnetic field is the source of the electromagnetic force, which
is one of the four fundamental forces (See also: magnetic field).

YES